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1.
Genet. mol. biol ; 40(1,supl.1): 261-275, 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-892396

ABSTRACT

Abstract Cyanobacteria is a remarkable group of prokaryotic photosynthetic microorganisms, with several genera capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen (N2) and presenting a wide range of morphologies. Although the nitrogenase complex is not present in all cyanobacterial taxa, it is spread across several cyanobacterial strains. The nitrogenase complex has also a high theoretical potential for biofuel production, since H2 is a by-product produced during N2 fixation. In this review we discuss the significance of a relatively wide variety of cell morphologies and metabolic strategies that allow spatial and temporal separation of N2 fixation from photosynthesis in cyanobacteria. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on 16S rRNA and nifD gene sequences shed light on the evolutionary history of the two genes. Our results demonstrated that (i) sequences of genes involved in nitrogen fixation (nifD) from several morphologically distinct strains of cyanobacteria are grouped in similarity with their morphology classification and phylogeny, and (ii) nifD genes from heterocytous strains share a common ancestor. By using this data we also discuss the evolutionary importance of processes such as horizontal gene transfer and genetic duplication for nitrogenase evolution and diversification. Finally, we discuss the importance of H2 synthesis in cyanobacteria, as well as strategies and challenges to improve cyanobacterial H2 production.

2.
Arq. Inst. Penido Burnier ; 32(1): 7-10, jan. 1990. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-93000

ABSTRACT

A clonidina, medicamento anti-hipertensivo, foi usada como medicaçäo pré-operatória (MPO) em 30 pacientes adultos (19 a 80 anos) que iam ser submetidos a cirurgias eletivas, tanto sob anestesia locorregional como anestesia geral; a clonidina possui efeitos sedativos e antisialagogos considerados bons. Houve estabilidade cardiovascular no grupo submetido à anestesia locorregional e nítida tendência a hipotensäo arterial e bradicardia peroperatórias nos casos realizados sob anestesia geral. Outro grupo de 33 pacientes ingeriu a dose fixa de 0,1mg, independente de sexo, idade e peso corporal e a clonidina mostrou-se eficiente hipotesora ocular, cujos efeitos duraram até 12h. Pode-se considerar a clonidina como droga próxima da ideal para cirurgia oftálmica intra-ocular, em pacientes adultos e nos hipertensos


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Anesthesia , Clonidine/therapeutic use , Eye/surgery , Preanesthetic Medication , Anesthesia, General , Anesthesia, Local , Clonidine/administration & dosage
3.
Arq. Inst. Penido Burnier ; 30(2): 95-8, jul. 1988. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-77051

ABSTRACT

Os pacientes para cirurgia oftálmica estäo situados, em grande parte, nas últimas décadas, exigindo durante anestesia geral inalatória cuidados especiais na prevençäo e imediato tratamento da hipotensäo arterial que muitas vezes sobrevém. Depois de revisarem as alteraçöes fisiológicas dos pacientes idosos säo descritas as açöes e os efeitos de alguns medicamentos que podem ser utilizados, visando manter perfusäo sangüínea adequada aos órgäos mais nobres, cérebro, coraçäo, e rins. Säo também descritas as açöes colaterais indesejáveis dos vasopressores indicados


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Anesthesia, Inhalation/adverse effects , Eye/surgery , Hypotension , Aminophylline/adverse effects , Calcium/adverse effects , Dopamine/adverse effects , Ephedrine/adverse effects , Epinephrine/adverse effects , Hypotension/prevention & control , Hypotension/therapy , Intraoperative Period , Metaraminol/adverse effects , Norepinephrine/adverse effects
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